Teaching English as a Second Language Quarterly (Formerly Journal of Teaching Language Skills)

The Ordering Process of Narrative in James Joyce's A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man

Akbar Faridpour; Helen Ouliaeinia

Volume 31, Issue 2 , July 2012, , Pages 119-133

https://doi.org/10.22099/jtls.2012.500

Abstract

Regarding the literary historical debates, one of the main concerns of modern historiography is the way of representing the concept of reality within the framework of a coherent narrative, ... Read More

Built-In Learner Participation Potential of Locally- and Globally-Designed ELT Materials

Mostafa Pourhaji; Seyed Mohammad Alavi; Sedigheh Karimpour

Volume 35, Issue 3 , October 2016, , Pages 119-156

https://doi.org/10.22099/jtls.2016.3924

Abstract

This study aims at empirically measuring a universal criterion for materials evaluation, i.e., learning opportunities, in a locally- and a globally-designed materials. Adopting the ... Read More

Sociological and Aesthetic Senses of Culture Represented in Global and Localized ELT Textbooks

Zia Tajeddin; Soroush Bahrebar

Volume 36, Issue 3 , October 2017, , Pages 119-143

https://doi.org/10.22099/jtls.2017.25995.2299

Abstract

The relationship between language and culture has become a rich source of inquiry in the context of English language teaching. Learning materials can depict cultural content in different ... Read More

On Anthropomorphism in Technology-Enhanced Language Learning: Does Modality Matter in Agent-Based Multimedia Instruction on L2 Idioms?

Rahman Sahragard; Alireza Ahmadi; Hamed Babaie Shalmani

Volume 35, Issue 2 , July 2016, , Pages 123-160

https://doi.org/10.22099/jtls.2016.3782

Abstract

The present study aimed to satisfy a twofold purpose: On the one hand, it sought to verify the postulation that agent-based instruction could offer a compromise approach to teaching ... Read More

The Impact of Sequence Map, Answering Question, and 3-2-1 Techniques on EFL Learners’ Summary Writing Ability

Rasoul Mohammad Hosseinpur; Reza Bagheri Nevisi; Saeid Bahrani

Volume 37, Issue 2 , July 2018, , Pages 125-167

https://doi.org/10.22099/jtls.2019.31617.2611

Abstract

Considering the challenges inherent in learning and teaching of summary writing in EFL/ ESL settings, it is crucial to look into various instructional techniques thoroughly. This study ... Read More

THE IMPACT OF USING COMPUTER-AIDED ARGUMENT MAPPING (CAAM) ON THE IMPROVEMENT OF IRANIAN EFL LEARNERS’ WRITING SELF-REGULATION

pantea pahlavani; parviz maftoon

Volume 34, Issue 2 , July 2015, , Pages 127-152

https://doi.org/10.22099/jtls.2015.3528

Abstract

The present study was conducted to investigate the impact of using computer-aided argument mapping (CAAM) on the improvement of Iranian learners’ writing self-regulation. To this ... Read More

From Academic to Journalistic Texts: A Qualitative Analysis of the Evaluative Language of Science

Alireza Jalilifar; Ali Bardideh; Zohreh, Shooshtari

Volume 37, Issue 1 , May 2018, , Pages 127-158

https://doi.org/10.22099/jtls.2018.30299.2554

Abstract

This study examined academic articles and journalistic reports in 5 disciplinary areas to explore how similar contents might attitudinally be realized in two different genres. To this ... Read More

The Development of Reading and Operation Span Tasks in Persian as Measures of Working Memory Capacity for Iranian EFL Learners

Rahim Najjari; Mohammad Mohammadi

Volume 36, Issue 2 , July 2017, , Pages 129-162

https://doi.org/10.22099/jtls.2017.24688.2215

Abstract

This paper presented two complex span tasks in Persian as measures of working memory capacity (WMC). Firstly, the construct of working memory (WM) and possible WM measures that could ... Read More

A Genre-Based Investigation of Inter/Intra-Lingual Relationships between Persian and English Academic Writings: Common Underlying Proficiency Oriented

Mahboubeh Safavi; Firooz Sadighi; Mohammad Sadegh Bagheri; Mustafa Zamanian

Volume 38, Issue 2 , July 2019, , Pages 131-170

https://doi.org/10.22099/jtls.2020.34951.2742

Abstract

Although L2 writing has attracted salient attention and monopolized many studies in EFL contexts, there is still no full image of its complicated nature. Trying to play a supplementary ... Read More

Can Scaffolding Mechanisms of Structuring and Problematizing Facilitate the Transfer of Genre-based Knowledge to Another Discourse Mode?

Mahboobeh Mortazavi; Manoochehr Jafarigohar; Afsar Roohi

Volume 35, Issue 4 , March 2017, , Pages 133-156

https://doi.org/10.22099/jtls.2017.3999

Abstract

A pivotal issue in research on writing concerns whether the knowledge of how genres are constructed and learned in one discipline/genre can be transferred to other contexts, genres, ... Read More

On The Factor Structure (Invariance) of the PhD UEE Using Multigroup Structural Equation Modeling

Hamdollah Ravand; GholamReza Rohani; Fatemeh Faryabi

Volume 36, Issue 4 , 2018, , Pages 141-170

https://doi.org/10.22099/jtls.2018.27029.2372

Abstract

The aim of the current study was twofold: (1) to validate the internal structure of the general English (GE) section of the university entrance examination for Ph.D applicants into ... Read More

Exploring EFL Learners’ Use of Formulaic Sequences in Pragmatically Focused Role-play Tasks

Abdullah sarani; Rasool Najjarbaghseyah

Volume 37, Issue 4 , March 2019, , Pages 141-165

https://doi.org/10.22099/jtls.2019.33711.2694

Abstract

Communicative language use largely entails regular patterns consisting of pre-constructed phrases or sequences. These sequences have been examined by many researchers to find the situation-based ... Read More

Developing EFL Learners' Oral Proficiency through Animation-based Instruction of English Formulaic Sequences

Maryam Rajaei Najafabadi; Yousef Bakhshizadeh; Azizullah Mirzaei

Volume 38, Issue 1 , May 2019, , Pages 157-190

https://doi.org/10.22099/jtls.2019.33176.2678

Abstract

The current pretest-posttest quasi-experimental study attempts, firstly, to probe the effects of teaching formulaic sequences (FSs) on the second or foreign language (L2) learners' ... Read More

Trodden and Untrodden Paths: A Study of Cognitive Processes in Oral Responding and Questioning

Mina Madadi; Reza Rezvani

Volume 38, Issue 3 , October 2019, , Pages 159-187

https://doi.org/10.22099/jtls.2020.36556.2790

Abstract

The present study was an attempt to provide a psycholinguistic account of cognitive processes underlying responding and questioning. It also strived to identify the potential differences ... Read More

Developing and Validating a Model for Exploring Iranian EFL Teachers’ Perception of Professional Development

Hassan Soodmand Afshar; Shabnam Ghasemi

Volume 37, Issue 3 , October 2018, , Pages 169-210

https://doi.org/10.22099/jtls.2019.32064.2629

Abstract

The present study aimed at exploring Iranian EFL teachers’ perception of professional development. To this end, 200 EFL teachers teaching at private language institutes in Iran ... Read More

The Rabatak Inscription

Mahmood Jaafari-Dehaghi

Volume 28, Issue 1 , July 2009, , Pages 1-20

https://doi.org/10.22099/jtls.2012.255

Abstract

Introduction The inscription of Rabatak was found in 1993 near an ancient hill in the north part of Baghlan in Afghanistan. The village of Rabatak ... Read More Introduction The inscription of Rabatak was found in 1993 near an ancient hill in the north part of Baghlan in Afghanistan. The village of Rabatak is situated at the kilometer forty in the north-western part of the ancient province of Sorkh-Kotal near the border between Baghlan and Samangan provinces. The Rabatak inscription includes 23 lines in Bactrian language and a Greco-Bactrian script. The Bactrian language is one of the Eastern Middle Iranian Languages. It was spoken by the people of northern part of Afghanistan. It is noteworthy that Bactrian is the only Middle Iranian language whose writing system is based on the Greek alphabet, a fact ultimately attributable to Alexander’s conquest of Bactria and to maintenance of Greek rule for some 200 years after his death (323B.C.). In spite of the invasion of Bacteria by Alexander of Macedonia and his successors the Bactrian language continued to be in use. Around the Middle of the second century B.C. Bactria was overrun by nomads from the north called Tokharoi. They settled in northern part of Afghanistan and later gave their name to the area (Tokharistan). The Kushan Empire was founded early in the Christian era by Kujula Kadphises whose tribe obtained supremacy over the Tokharoi. With the collapse of the Kushan dynasty their lands fell into the hand of the Sasanians, under whom the administration of these provinces was entrusted to a governor styled Kušānšāh. From the middle of the fourth century Bactria and northwestern India were overrun by Hunnish tribes, of whom the Hephtahalites proved the most durable, maintaining their rule in parts of Afghanistan up to the Arab conquest in the seventh century. The aim of this article is to throw a new light both an the Bactrian history and language through Rabatak inscription by presenting its transliteration, transcription and translation into Persian language following with a commentary and an etymological word list. It is worth mentioning that in this study the historical and linguistic points are examined. Method of Research I have examined the Bactrian inscription of Rabatak according to the reading and interpreting of Nicholas Sims-Williams from University of London whose reading is based on the original copies and the photograph prepared by British Museum. I have used the method of translation and transcription used by him in his several editions of Bactrian documents as well as his edition of Bactrian Legal and Economical Documents. Result The result of studying Rabatak inscription indicates that Kanishka the great, who was the ruler of Kushan Empire, obtained his kingship from Nana and from all the gods. He discontinued the use of Greek language to be replaced by the Aryan language. In fact, any of the Indo-European languages of Iran or India could be called “Aryan”; but we are now sure that when he mentions the Aryan language, he means Bactrian, the language of his inscription, just as Darius meant Old Persian, the language of his inscription, when he wrote: “By the favor of Ahuramazda, I made another text in Aryan”. He also announced the beginning of a new era starting with the year 1 of his reign. Kanishka’s era was used as a calendar reference by the Kushans for about a century, until the decline of the Kushan dynasty. The inscription mentions the chief cities of north India which were controled by Kanishka. Conclusion The Rabatak inscription is written on a rock in the Bactrian language and the Greek script. It was found in 1993 at the site of Rabatak, in Afghanistan. According to this inscription Kanishka the great was a righteous and just king who was worthy of divine worship. It seems that the Aryan was a language used by the most Iranian people as a formal language of communication. The Rabatak inscription describes events of the first year of Kanishka in words strikingly similar to those used by Dariuš the Great in the inscription of Bisotun. The inscription also names the cities which were under the rule of Kanishka (lines 4-7). It is significant in implying the actual extent of Kushan rule under Kanishka. The inscription will therefore lead to a fundamental reassessment of our understanding of the Kushan kings who ruled an ancient empire centered on the territory now known as Afghanistan and Pakistan. Finally, it is very informative and important that Kanishka mentions the name of the kings who ruled up to his time. They were Kujula Kadphises as his great grandfather, Vima Taktu as his grandfather, Vima Kadphises as his father.

Motivational and Learning Effects of Computer-aided Procedures on Students' Reading Comprehension

Aram Reza Sadeghi; Nahid Soltanian

Volume 29, Issue 3 , September 2010, , Pages 107-139

https://doi.org/10.22099/jtls.2012.418

Abstract

Reading development and instruction is a pedagogical priority at all academic levels. Historically, in the educational field, numerous efforts have been made to facilitate the complex ... Read More

Peer Reviewers’ Comments on Research Articles Submitted by Iranian Researchers

Mohammad Hassan Tharirian; Elham Sadri

Volume 32, Issue 3 , October 2013, , Pages 107-123

https://doi.org/10.22099/jtls.2013.1558

Abstract

The invisible hands of peer reviewers play a determining role in the eventual fate of submissions to international English-medium journals. This study builds on the assumption that ... Read More

The Effect of Lexical Collocational Density on the Iranian EFL Learners’ Reading Comprehension

Shiva Sadighi; Rahman Sahragard

Volume 32, Issue 1 , May 2013, , Pages 111-136

https://doi.org/10.22099/jtls.2013.1495

Abstract

The present study aims at investigating the effect of different levels of lexical collocational density on EFL learners’ reading comprehension. Eighty sophomore students with ... Read More

Interfaces of Macro and Microstructure in Academic Writing: The Case of Research Article Abstracts

Marzieh - Tofigh; Davud - Kuhi

Volume 32, Issue 4 , March 2014, , Pages 111-138

https://doi.org/10.22099/jtls.2014.1557

Abstract

Abstract Although flourishing research has been devoted to research on article abstracts, more studies are needed to unpack the relationship between rhetorical moves and their associated ... Read More

Modified output in task-based EFL classes across gender

Karim Sadeghi; Pariya Sajedi

Volume 32, Issue 2 , July 2013, , Pages 113-135

https://doi.org/10.22099/jtls.2013.1520

Abstract

AbstractThe current study examined the modification devices (MDs) used by non-native speakers (NNSs) learning EFL during dyadic task-based interactions. Three meaning-oriented tasks, ... Read More

A Probe into Adaptive Transfer across Writing Contexts: A Case of an EGAP Class

Gholam Reza Zarei; Ahmad Alibabaee

Volume 33, Issue 1 , May 2014, , Pages 113-133

https://doi.org/10.22099/jtls.2014.2024

Abstract

In an effort to expand the disciplinary discussions on transfer in L2 writing and because most studies have focused on transfer as reuse and not as an adequate adaptation of writing ... Read More

The Relationship between EFL Teachers’ Emotional Intelligence and Students’ Motivational Attributes

Ali Roohani; Nafiseh Mohammadi

Volume 33, Issue 3 , October 2014, , Pages 113-133

https://doi.org/10.22099/jtls.2015.2483

Abstract

This study explored the relationship between EFL (English as a foreign language) teachers’ emotional intelligence (EI) and their students’ motivational attributes. Additionally, ... Read More

A Model of Speaking Strategies for EFL Learners

Ayat allah Razmjoo; Sima Ghasemi Ardekani

Volume 30, Issue 3 , October 2011, , Pages 115-142

https://doi.org/10.22099/jtls.2012.380

Abstract

This study intended to develop a model describing speaking strategies for EFL learners by taking into account the effects of learners’ gender and proficiency on the application ... Read More

Validating Locus of Control Questionnaire and Examining its Relation to General English (GE) Achievement

Behzad Ghonsooly; Majid Elahi

Volume 29, Issue 1 , March 2010, , Pages 117-143

https://doi.org/10.22099/jtls.2012.403

Abstract

Locus of control is said to affect learners' academic achievement. This effect has scarcely been examined within general English context. This study is concerned with examining the ... Read More