The Structural Invariance of a Model of Washback to Test Takers’ Perceptions and Preparation: The Moderating Role of Institutions
The Structural Invariance of a Model of Washback to Test Takers’ Perceptions and Preparation: The Moderating Role of Institutions

Kioumars Razavipour; Zohreh Gooniband Shoushtari; Mahboobeh Mansoori

Volume 36, Issue 4 , 2018, , Pages 171-201

https://doi.org/10.22099/jtls.2018.28165.2440

Abstract
  Test washback is held to be complicated and multifaceted in that a host of cultural, social, individual, test, and institutional factors are involved in shaping it. Thus far, the majority ...  Read More